Analysis Of The Yellow Wall Paper - 1699 Words

THE EVILS OF THE â€Å"RESTING CURE† â€Å"You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well underway in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are. It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you. It is like a bad dream.†(Knight 175) Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in Hartford, Connecticut. Early in her life her parents divorced, so her father could remarry.(Wladaver) Despite family problems, she loved an intellectual environment. She studied art at the Rhode Island School of Design, where she met her first husband.† ( Wladaver) During her life she suffered from and was diagnosed with varieties of depression disorders. She lived in an era that was dominated by males and women held a more domestic/submissive†¦show more content†¦When Gilman was sent home she was given instructions to â€Å" live as domestic a life as possible†¦ Have but two hours’ intellectual life a day. And never touch a pen, brush or pencil as long as you live† (Scharnhorst 150) We see similarities of this diagnosis of dominate male physicians throughout her short story. John the narrators husband and the narrator’s brother are physicians, in which they enforced almost the exact same treatment to cure her disorder, as Dr.Mitchell in her personal life. As stated in this quote, â€Å" I did write a while in spite of them; but it does exhaust me a good deal— having to be so sly about it, or else meet with heavy opposition.† the narrator would rather suppress her desire to write than to get criticism from her husband and brother. this shows the male dominance role within their household. Another example of the narrators domestic role due to male dominance includes; When John bringing her to a colonial estate for the summer, because he says he has work near the city. The narrators description of this estate; â€Å" It is quite alone, standing well back from the road, quite three miles from the village.† (Knight 167) which could be inte rpreted as an isolated environment, away from social or intellectual stimulants, or could be an abandoned insane asylum of sorts. In order to keep her mind off of her condition, as john suggest is the worst thing she can do, she turns her attention to the house. AtShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Yellow Wall Paper1533 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper† serves as a perfect example of how women are treated in the 19th century. The distracting details both surrounding and filling the new house that the main character and her husband move into haunt her. Throughout the story, the main character, as she observes the house while in isolation, notices the true meaning in life, specifically for women. Gilman’s piece unveils the unfortunate requirements that women must meet in order to become accepted intoRead MoreDeconstructive Analysis: The Yellow Wall Paper1357 Words   |  6 PagesDeconstructive Analysis: The Yellow Wall Pa per Deconstruction or poststructuralist is a type of literary criticism that took its roots in the 1960’s. Jacques Derrida gave birth to the theory when he set out to demonstrate that all language is associated with mental images that we produce due to previous experiences. This system of literary scrutiny interprets meaning as effects from variances between words rather than their indication to the things they represent. This philosophical theory strivesRead MoreThe Critical Analysis on the Yellow Wall Paper906 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† is about a woman who is suffering from depression and nervous breakdown. Throughout the story, her rapture is evident. Yet the setting of the story is a mystery. From narrator’s point of view, the setting of the story is pleasant but at the same time from the clues of the narrator the setting is horrific. The clues in the story about the setting do not justify the narrator’s description of the setting. The setting of this short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† tookRead MoreAnalysis Of Gilman s Yellow Wall Paper Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pageshusband, who believes in facts and not in faith. His faithless actions cause him to isolate and imprison his wife. By isolating and imprisoning his wife, she finds a means of escape by using her imagination and obsesses over the yellow wallpaper. In the â€Å"Yellow Wall-paper,† Gilman use characterization to suggest that when a depressed wife is isolated and imprisoned by her faithless husband, her only way of escape is her obsessive imagination towards the wallpaper. In Gilman’s story, we see the narrator’sRead More A Look into the Life of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and ?The Yellow Wall-paper?1398 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper† is an amazing story that demonstrates how close-minded the world was a little over a hundred years ago. In the late eighteen hundreds, women were seen as personal objects that are not capable of making a mark in the world. If a woman did prove to be a strong intellectual person and had a promising future, they were shut out from society. Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote her stories from experience, but added fictional twists along the way to make her stories interesting.Read MoreA Look Into the Life of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and The Yellow Wall-Paper1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yellow Wall-paper is an amazing story that demonstrates how close-minded the world was a little over a hundred years ago. In the late eighteen hundreds, women were seen as personal objects that are not capable of making a mark in the world. If a woman did prove to be a strong intellectual person and had a promising future, they were shut out from society. Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote her stories from experience, but added fictional twists along the way to make her stories interesting. Read MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman951 Words   |  4 PagesThe unnamed narrator, who is never fully introduced, narrates the story of â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, in the form of a diary/journal. Confined in a mansion to treat her mental illness of depression the narrator becomes obsessed with the ugly yellow wallpaper that covers the walls of her room. Ultimately, I presume that the wallpaper itself represents her relationship that she has with her husband, while the women behind the wallpaper represents herself; which goRead More The Yellow Wall-Paper919 Words   |  4 Pages Falling from the Shoulders of Giants: The Yellow Wall-Paper as a Classic Example of the Dangers of Human Arrogance Progressive dementia is the process by which an individual gradually losses their intellectual capacity and personality integration. In quot;The Yellow Wall-Paper,quot; Gilman captures the essence of the journey to madness via her use of first person narration. The relationship between Jane, the narrator of the story, and her husband John provokes an uneasy curiosity in the readerRead MoreThe Yellow-Wallpaper Analysis1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yellow Wall-Paper Literary Analysis Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses her short story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† to show how women undergo oppression by gender roles. Gilman does so by taking the reader through the terrors of one woman’s changes in mental state. The narrator in this story becomes so oppressed by her husband that she actually goes insane. The act of oppression is very obvious within the story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† and shows how it changes one’s life forever. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1269 Words   |  6 Pages1002-63639 15 February 2017 Analysis of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Life during the 1800s for a woman was rather distressing. Society had essentially designated them the role of being a housekeeper and bearing children. They had little to no voice on how they lived their daily lives. Men decided everything for them. To clash with society s conventional views is a challenging thing to do; however, Charlotte Perkins Gilman does an excellent job fighting that battle by writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† one of the

Buyer Decision Process - 999 Words

Running Head: BUYER DECISION PROCESS Buyer Decision Process Eric Christensen Dr. Albert Socci American Intercontinental University Abstract What makes you decide whether or not to buy certain product or even buy into certain services mainly depends on inside or outside influences. These influences are part of our buying schema, what buying behaviors we have learned taught by parents or siblings, even friends, this is a type of blueprint in the recesses of our minds. Our buying decision processes are based on five stages, a need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decisions, and post-purchase behavior. The product of consideration is coffee, coffee makers and espresso makers and combination†¦show more content†¦Does price influence your buying decisions? In comparison, the second buyer is greatly influenced by pricing, while the first buyer admits that price is a luxury he can afford, the idea of status among his peers is the greater influence. The first buyer made his purchase decision based on the preferred brand of choice, while the second intentions were on situational factor s, (Armstrong 2005). Are the buyers of the products satisfied with their purchases? With the first buyer, yes he is. Purchasing a product which he is accustomed to gives satisfaction to the purchase, that which he has already pre-determined ideas, familiar with the product and performance. As with the second, the buyer a satisfaction has been reached to the point of, well now I have a combo espresso coffee machine, something I always wanted. As the consumer purchases reaches the point of post-purchase, the consumer needs to assess the true benefits of the purchase. Was it needed, did the product fill the needs to expectation, did the product exceed my expectation (Armstrong 2005). These are all questions in which both consumers need to address. Not only does the consumer benefit from theseShow MoreRelatedBuyer Decision Process Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagescustomers make their purchase decision is a very important issue for a company. It can bring numerous influences to companies for establishing an ap propriate marketing strategy. Therefore, the research of each stage of buyer decision process is relevant for all the marketers. Teo and Yeong (2003) point out that the setting up of buyer decision process model can help managers to understand and forecast consumer behaviours, and thereby they can make effective decision for providing more acceptableRead MoreThe Buyer Decision Process of a Porsche Customer723 Words   |  3 PagesBuyer Decision Process Porsche is one of the most well-known brands in the world. In customers minds, Porsche stands for exclusivity, class, and high quality. The companys marketing strategy is oriented towards identifying the needs and preferences of a small group of customers and on developing car models that satisfy these needs. However, Porsche was forced to introduce several models on the market that were not in accordance with what typical customers of the company usually prefer. TheseRead MoreIkea: the Buyer Decision Making Process3366 Words   |  14 PagesIKEA: The buyer decision making process and related influences. Word count: 3011 IKEA: The buyer decision making process and related influences. Fancy a bit of a change in life? Why not pop down to IKEA and order yourself a Boklok, a Faktum, a Nutig, a Leksvik and a Brunskà ¤ra; everything you need for a good night sleep and breakfast in the morning. To translate from IKEA’s language to English, you would have ordered a flat-pack house, a flat-pack kitchen, a fridge, a flat-pack bed and a tightlyRead MoreBuyer Behavior : The Consumer Decision Making Process1823 Words   |  8 PagesBuyer Behaviour: The consumer decision-making process as it relates to a consumer who is replacing their kitchen Section 1: Introduction (about 150 – 200 words) Section 2: The Characteristics that Affect Consumer Behaviour (about 400 words) The definition of consumer buying behaviour is an individual and households who buy goods for personal consumption. There are four main influencers within the buying behavior of consumers which are the following personal, social, cultural and physiological.Read MoreComparing The Buyer Behavior And Decision Making Process Essay1854 Words   |  8 Pages(Student`s Creation, Mont Rose College, London, 2016) 1.2 Comparing the buyer behavior and decision making process Fig.5: Consumer Buying Process Source: (The Six stages of the consumer buying process and how to market to them, 2015) Both models of buyer behaviour – Customer and Business are considered differently because the different actions stages involved in them. As we could see on the figure five above they are Six Consumer Buyer Behaviour Stages: 1 Problem recognition: In most cases is influencedRead MoreA Report Of Buyer Behavior : The Consumer Decision Making Process882 Words   |  4 PagesA Report of Buyer Behaviour: The Consumer Decision-Making Process as it relates to purchasing a rental service in the classic car industry. Section 1: Introduction (about 150 – 200 words) The study of consumer behaviour examines consumer’s methods of purchasing and divestment of possessions, labour, concepts or knowledge by people, associations and companies to fulfil their necessities and desires (Keller Kotler , 2011). This is significant to marketers because with a good knowledge base aboutRead MoreBuyer Behavior Report : Consumer Decision Making Process2445 Words   |  10 PagesBuyer Behaviour Report: The consumer decision making process as it relates to a consumer who is replacing their laptop. ID number: 14049438 Submission Date: 9pm Sunday 15th March 2015 Module Name Number: 4BUS1010-0206-Principles of Marketing Module Lecturer: Caroline Wilson and David Ogle Word Count: Table of Contents. 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 2. The Characteristics that Affect Consumer Behaviour†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 3. The Types of Consumer Buying Decisions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4Read MoreThe Marketing Implications of the Buyer Decision Process of Nestlà © Cookie Crisp1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe marketing implications of the buyer decision process of Nestlà © Cookie Crisp. Executive Summary The marketing implications of Nestlà © Cookie Crisp were examined in relation to the stages of the buyer decision process. This report looked at the aspects of each stage in the process, and considered the implications of each issue on the marketing of Cookie Crisp. Since the process is guided in some stages by unexpected factors and the behaviour of other consumers it was found that marketing researchRead Moreâ€Å"Knowledge of the Process That Organisational Buyers Follow in Making Purchasing Decisions Is Fundamental to Responsive Business Marketing Strategy.†1702 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Knowledge of the process that organisational buyers follow in making purchasing decisions is fundamental to responsive business marketing strategy.† INTRODUCTION In today’s globalised and forever changing world of business, different organisations around the world are finding it very difficult not only to compete but also to be managed efficiently and effectively by management. The world of business is very volatile and forever unpredictable and this is caused by changing and difficult forcesRead MoreMajor Types Of Buyer Decision Behavior1282 Words   |  6 Pages Major types of buyer decision behavior and the stages in the buyer decision process Viji Seshadri UCSC Extension Buyer Decision Behavior Buyer decision behavior significantly differs when deciding for buying a cellphone, tablet, car, perfumes and banking or financial services. It differs by degree of customer’s involvement and degree of availability and difference among other brands (Kotler and Armstrong, 2014). Depending on the two factors buyer decision behavior is classified into four types

Positive Psychology Philosophy of Happiness

Question: Discuss about the Positive Psychologyfor Philosophy of Happiness. Answer: History and Philosophy of Happiness: History of happiness dated back to the 2500 years ago. Happiness can be tracked down from the insights and thoughts of Confucius, Buddha, Socrates, and Aristotle from China, India and Greece. Lot of correlation is evident between historical happiness and modern science of happiness (White et al., 2008). Philosophy of happiness is the beliefs related to the existence, nature and accomplishment of happiness. Philosophically, happiness can be believed as moral goal of life or part of luck. In few instances, happiness is used synonymously with luck. Philosophers generally explained happiness as state of mind or fruitful life of a person. According to Gautama Buddha, there is no path to happiness: happiness is the path. Buddha gave thought that journey itself is a destination. Happiness lies in the living rather than arriving at the goal. According to Bertrand Russell, feeling of love is the happiest moment of the person. Friedrich Nietzsche in 19th century stated that happiness is a feel ing which can increase power and overcome resistance. According to him, happiness can be used to control the surroundings (Bortolotti, 2009). In 450 BC, Socrates mentioned that happiness is not in gaining more but it is in developing ability to enjoy less. For him, source of happiness is not the external aspects but it the private and internal success of the individual. If we reduce the level of our requirements, we can enjoy its happiness. According to Plato in 4th century BC, happiness is completely dependent on the individual on their own and not on the other individual. Individual should always make everything to attain happiness and this is the best way of living happily. Happiness depends on the personal growth. This personal growth should be in the form of achievements and not the accomplishments. Aristole around 300 BC quoted that happiness depends on us. Happiness cant be gifted by others and we have to create it, nurture it on our own and protect it. John Stuart Mill in 19th century mentioned that happiness can be achieved by minimizing our desires instead of putting an effort to satisfy it. He had belief that, p erson should utilize things for a specific purpose and in case it is not useful, these things should be expelled from the life (Norton, 2012). Confucius around 500 BC, believed that happiness lies in the good thoughts. By this world can become large and better. Correlation of happiness can established with thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Happiness is a guide and it reproduces more in search of reasons of existence. Seneca in 4BC cited that most of the blessings of human being are within us and within individuals reach. Human being should be happy with existing things and should not wish for the non-existing things. If locus of our life is external, happiness would not be there. If locus of our life is internal, happiness would be there. Lao Tzu in 600 BC mentioned that person living in the past is depressed, person living in the future is anxious and person living in the present is happy. Research established that persons happiness lies in the activities where full and present attention is required. These activities comprised of good conversation, creative tasks and sex. Soren Kierkegaard in 19th century mentioned that l ife is not a problem which needs to be solved but it is a reality which needs to be experienced by every individual. Happiness can be achieved by living in the present moment and getting benefit of the existing ride. Satisfaction can be achieved by converting circumstances into the problems and accepting it as experiences. Henry David Thoreau in 19th century mentioned that happiness should not be chased because there is possibility that it can avoid you. If you pay your attention to other things, happiness would approach you (Cahn and Vitrano, 2007). Measurement of Happiness: Measurement of the happiness is very difficult task. Still, researchers developed scientific methods to measure happiness. Most of these methods are based on the questionnaires. Few of the representative questions of these questionnaires include how happy are you?, and how satisfied are you with your life? Scientifically proved questionnaires in clinical trial are available for the measurement of happiness. These questionnaires include Oxford Happiness Inventory, Subjective Happiness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Panas Scale, The assessment of subjective well-being and OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being (Weimann et al., 2015). Positive Psychology: There are different theories of positive psychology like well-being, meaning, hope, strength, broaden and build theory and positive empathy can be used in the promotion of happiness. Counseling should be done in a person by psychologist for these theories. Coaching of different aspects of these theories would be helpful in developing happiness in the person. Positive psychology can be applicable in measuring happiness by evaluating subjective well being. Subjective well being can be evaluated based on the evaluation of own life and evaluation of moods and emotions. Subjective well being evaluation can be categorized into parts like positive affect, negative affect and life satisfaction. Positive and negative affect are related to the mood and emotions. Life satisfaction is related to the evaluation of life as a whole. Positive psychology is based on the belief that human being wish to lead their life in meaningful and fulfilling way, to bring out their positive characters and augment their experience of love, work and play. Positive psychology is useful in the promotion of happiness. Positive psychology tells us that incidences in the life can hurt us, but happiness is the effective cure for this. Happy and unhappy people can have same types of worries in the life, however happy people can bounce back very quickly (Frisch, 2006). Positive psychology teaches us to write about gratitude weekly twice. This writing would be helpful in becoming happy in the depressed condition. This gratitude writing would be useful in avoiding waste of time on wrong things and refocusing on the doing things in the right direction to attain happiness. Positive psychology can be helpful in establishing goals for tracking the progress, irrespective of the attainment of finishing line. Hence, positive psychology can be helpful in the practicing optimism to achieve happiness. Positive psychology guides a person to write future diary about oneself. This would be helpful to become happy because people write positive about themselves (Keyes and Shapiro, 2004). Positive psychology teaches us to enjoy every aspect of life. Positive psychology teaches us to remember funny things each day. These funny things can be created by person on themselves, created by other or it can be spontaneously happened. Positive psychology gives lesson that sha ring is very important for happiness. This sharing can be in the form of time spent or sharing meal with hungry person. Positive psychology teaches us to say thanks to everybody. By saying thanks, there can be boost in the mood of the person (Keyes and Magyar-Moe, 2003). Meaning in the life can be useful in identifying extent of identifying, making sense of, seeing significance of and perceiving life. Meaning is useful in finding benefit in the life. Benefit finding is directly related to the highest level of positive well being and minimal depression. Meaning is also helpful in identifying better relationship, raised personal resources, increased intellect of purpose and more clarity in the purpose of life (Helgeson et al., 2006; Steger, 2009). Hope theory is basically goal directed and these goals require cognition. Hope is the capability to think in diverse directions to achieve the goal and motivation to use these directions effectively. Hope theory is useful in increasing confidence and skills of the person in different pathways or directions to attain the goal. Hope can be applicable in variety of domains like academics, athletics, work, and physical and mental health. Increased hope is directly proportional to the happiness (Reichard et al., 2 013). Strength theory states that there should be more focus on building strength rather than eliminating weakness only. Every individual has unique set of strengths that can be useful in becoming successful in certain areas. Working hard in the area which is not the strength of a person can lead to distress. Strengths can be useful as pathways to achieve greater value, well-being and finally happiness (Becker and Maracek, 2008; Peterson and Seligman, 2004). Broaden and build theory states that positive emotions are the building blocks of our growth and our capability to prosper. Effective application of positive emotions like joy, interest, love, pride, and contentment can be useful in the broadening action and skills. Positive emotion is the long lasting personal resource and it is useful in the escalation of growth. Positive emotions can broaden the thought process and corresponding action by increasing possibilities and by acting upon them (Fredrickson, 2001). Passive empathy is useful in establishing relation between applications of therapy and predicting therapy outcomes. Positive empathy is useful in identifying persons needs and sharing necessary experience with the person. Positive empathy is useful in facilitating identification of goal, identification of strength and augmentation of positive emotions (Magyar-Moe et al., 2015). References: Becker, D., and Maracek, J. (2008). Dreaming the American dream: Individualism and positive psychology. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 1767-1780. Bortolotti, L. (2009). Philosophy and Happiness. Palgrave Macmillan. Cahn, S. M., and Vitrano, C. (2012). Happiness: Classic and Contemporary Readings in Philosophy. Oxford University Press. Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218-226. Frisch, M. B. (2006). Quality of life therapy: Applying a life satisfaction approach to positive psychology and cognitive therapy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. Helgeson, V. S., Reynolds, K. A., and Tomich, P. L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 797-816. Keyes, C. L. M., and Magyar-Moe, J. L. (2003). The measurement and utility of adult subjective well-being. In S. J. Lopez C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 411-425). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Keyes, C. L. M., and Shapiro, A. (2004). Social well-being in the United States: A descriptive epidemiology. In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, R. C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we? A national study of well-being in midlife (pp. 350-372). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Magyar-Moe, J., Owens, R. L. and Conoley, C. W. (2015). Positive Psychological Interventions in Counseling: What Every Counseling Psychologist Should Know. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(4), 508557. Norton, B. M. (2012). Fiction and the Philosophy of Happiness. Rowman Littlefield. Peterson, C., and Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Reichard, R. J., Avey, J. B., Lopez, S., and Dollwet, M. (2013). Have the will and finding the way: A review and meta-analysis of hope at work. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8, 292-304. Steger, M. F. (2009). Meaning in life. In S. J. Lopez (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed., 679-687). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Weimann, J., Knabe, A., and Schb, R. (2015). Measuring Happiness: The Economics of Well-Being. MIT Press. White, N. P. (2008). A Brief History of Happiness. John Wiley Sons.

Practice Of Literary Dramatization Springer -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Practice Of Literary Dramatization Springer? Answer: Introduction A novel when taken into consideration for filming has huge responsibility resting on the shoulders of the filmmaker to execute it to perfection so that people can connect the both (1). The chosen novel for the project is Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, which has been made into a film by Joe Wright in the year 2005. The report will have a set of 30 study questions based on the Blooms taxonomy and then there will be section that will compare the novel and film and discuss the differences that are found in both the genres and their execution. What happened after Darcy refused to dance with Elizabeth? Answer- Elizabeth developed a disliking for Darcy. What differences exist between Darcy and Mr.Bingley? Answer- Darcy was a man who had different taste and could not be persuaded by the environment unlike Mr. Bingley. What factors would you change if Elizabeth liked Darcy at first sight? Answers- Darcys character would have been toned down so that their first interaction would be pleasant. What were some of the motives behind sending Elizabeth on a horse rather than a carriage to Bingleys house? Answer- The motive was to make Elizabeth fall sick so that she would spent the night at the Bingleys. Can you develop a possible solution to the loquaciousness of Elizabeths mother? Answer- Elizabeths father if took the charge of talking with visitors, the embarrassing conversations could have been avoided. How was this section similar to the previous? Answer- In both the sections, Elizabeths mother intended to get her daughters married off to rich men. Can you see a possible solution to her mothers worries? Answer- Her worry was about the property that would belong to Mr. Collins after the of Elizabeths father and the solution was to get a new heir in the family. Do you think Elizabeth marrying Mr. Collins would be a good thing? What is Elizabeths mothers motive? Answer- Her prime motive was to get her daughters married to wealthy men. Can you distinguish between the character of Elizabeths mother and father? Answer- Her father was a sane person and believed that his daughters would take their own decisions. Could this have happened if Elizabeths mother was not the way she was? None of the episodes would have ensued if her mother was not the way she actually was. Who was the girl for whom Wickham fell? Answer- Miss King. Create an outline of Wickhams character. Answer- Wickham followed wealth and wished to earn fortune by marrying a rich girl. Why Wickhams interest for Elizabeth vanished? Answer- Because Elizabeth did not have huge fortune to back her up. What would be the consequences if Elizabeth had a fortune? Answer- Wickham would have married her. Devise a solution to Elizabeth and Darcys cold relationship? Answer- They should talk to each other and clarify issues. What do you think about Darcy? Darcy is a man who has pride but also has a different kind of choice and unpredictability about his character. What happened after Elizabeth visited Pemberley? Answer- She came across Darcy unplanned. What were the differences between the previous encounter and the one mentioned in this section between Elizabeth and Darcy? Answer- Darcy was utmost polite and sported a very humble attitude. Could this meeting have such results if held at a different location? Answer- No, because people here knew Darcy and hence said facts about him that were unknown. Why the changes in Darcy evident? Answer- Darcys real humble attitude has not been written about in the previous parts of the book hence it is evident. Is paying Wickham money for marrying Lydia a good thing? No, because he is greedy and his love is not for Lydia but for the wealth. What happened after Lydia and Wickham visited Netherfield? Answer- Lydia spoke about her wedding and Wickham behaved as if he did no wrong in eloping with her and taking money to marry her. Mention a difference between Darcy and Bingley? Answer- Bingley was expressive while Darcy was much reserved in character. What would change if Wickham was a good man? Answer- The eloping embarrassment for the Bennet family could be avoided and Darcy acting as a savior would not have been possible. What were the turning points? Answer- Darcys help in getting Lydia married to Wickham and preserving the family respect of the Bennets. Solution to Elizabeths wedding? Answer- Darcy proposed and all other rumors were hence put to rest. What is your take on the Darcy and Elizabeth love story? Answer- Not a love at first sight but surely it was a story in which opposites at the beginning had attractions towards each other. The Comparison Essay There have been many adaptations of the novel but the most recent of one of them is the 2005 film by Joe Wright that is referred to in this essay. Jane Austen wrote the novel and the publishing year was in 1813 (2). The film that was released in 2005 had Keira Knightley casted as Elizabeth Bennet and alongside Matthew Macfadyen. Initially it was decided that the film would be based closely on the lines of the novel and the dialogues would be unchanged from the original text. However, that was not practiced and the dialogues and scenes were altered in the movie. The change was done so that the film could connect with the modern audience and so that the younger generations can connect with the characters (3). The narrative in the book was completely on the perspective of Elizabeth but in the movie, few scenes were added to display the perspective of Mr. Darcy as well. This approach to show the perspective of Darcy was added in order to give the character a better arch and to show the f riendship of his character with Mr. Bingley. The movie was critically acclaimed and Keira Knightley received a nomination for the Oscars for the role of Elizabeth. However, it was seen that Austen fans and viewers from UK had a mixed bag of response for the film. In the film, Elizabeth is found keeping secrets from her family and distances increase between her and Jane. This was in complete contrast to the book where Elizabeth never kept any secrets from the entire family. The character of Mr. Bennet is shown as a warm and affectionate father, which is in contrast to the book, as Austen never downplayed the fact that the family misfortunes and his wring financial decisions were reasons the family was suffering for so long. The relationship of Mr. Bennet and his wife has also been shown as a warm and loving relationship, which is in absolute contrast of the book. While watching the film closely it is found that the character of Elizabeth is far more impatient in the movie than in the book, she seen yelling at her parents in the film but the book never showed Elizabeth in such light. Wight made a drastic change in the mood of the film as he completely shifted the time-period of the plot from 19th Century to late 18th century, this decision was taken because the clothing pattern is lot impressive in the 18th century (4) and it amounted to beautiful visual frames on screen. It is often seen that whenever a classic novel like this is presented in the big screen, makers somewhat circumvent the material and that leads to mixed response from the audience and critics alike (5). The reason behind such motive primarily is the urge of the filmmakers to create visuals that are more appealing to the modern audience because making profits is equally important in todays world than that of Austens period (6). This version of the novel on screen was regarded as the most abridged version of the novel until date. Reference Selby K, Giddings R, Wensley C. Screening the novel: The theory and practice of literary dramatization. Springer; 2016 Jul 27. Fullerton S. Celebrating Pride and Prejudice: 200 Years of Jane Austen's Masterpiece. Voyageur Press (MN); 2013. Saboo AR, Chakravarty A, Grewal R. Organizational debut on the public stage: Marketing myopia and initial public offerings. Marketing Science. 2016 Mar 25;35(4):656-75. Bermingham A, Brewer J, editors. Consumption Of Culture. Routledge; 2013 Sep 13. Selby K, Giddings R, Wensley C. Screening the novel: The theory and practice of literary dramatization. Springer; 2016 Jul 27. Levison L. Filmmakers and financing: business plans for independents. Taylor Francis; 2013 Apr 26.

Advertising and Big Beer Ad Essays

Advertising and Big Beer Ad Essays Advertising and Big Beer Ad Essay Advertising and Big Beer Ad Essay 1. What factors influence the sensed credibleness of an informal information beginning? List and discuss factors that determine the credibleness of formal communicating beginnings of merchandise information. The sensed honestness and objectiveness of the beginning of communicating has an tremendous influence on how the communicating is accepted by the receiving system. The major factors are perceived purpose of beginning. right usage of famous person indorsements and the rightness of the interpreter with the content of the message. 2. What are the deductions of the sleeper consequence for the choice of spokespeople and the programming of advertisement messages? The slumberer consequence is the inclination for persuasive communicating to lose the impact of beginning credibleness over clip. In footings of pick for a interpreter. it is a good thought to choose a controversial and celebrated individual that will lodge in the consumers mind e. g. famous person indorsements. The ads should be scheduled foremost in the commercial block because people tend to retrieve them the most in comparing to the commercials played in the center and terminal of the show. 4. Virgin Airlines uses both magazines and Internet to advance its price reduction air hose concern. How would you mensurate the advertisement effectivity of the two media for advancing the service? Which is likely to be more effectual? Broadband Internet services offer fast entree to turning group of consumers i. e. particular involvement groups. However. the growing of unasked emailing. electronic mail viruses and worms have limited the effectivity of this medium. There is a turning tendency towards media atomization as they have shifted their focal point from general involvement audience to smaller more specialised groups. Harmonizing to a Roy Morgan study in 2006. there were 140 magazine rubrics read by the population of ages 14 and over. 5. Which media do you believe are suited for advertisement to the 18-24 age group as opposed to the 55+ age group? Justify your reply with illustrations and /or secondary informations. The most appropriate media type for the age group of 18-24 would be the Internet. as they are one of the largest users. This type of selling is called viral as it allows the message to distribute like a virus. Some illustrations of this are the Carlton Draught it’s a large beer’ ad. which premiered on the Internet and now has had over 3 million positions. Social networking activities driven by sites such a YouTube and Facebook have besides had an of import impact of the effectivity of viral selling. for illustration the Carlton it’s a large beer’ ad can be viewed on YouTube. On the other manus. harmonizing to Nielsen Media Research it would look that popular FM wireless Stationss and ABC wireless Stationss appeal to two really different audiences. with 33 % of over 55 listen ing to 3AW Melbourne and closely behind are the ABC Stationss for that age groups. 6. You are the selling director for a concern redress. Your advertisement bureau has merely presented you with two different promotional schemes. one utilizing a humourous attack and one taking an agony attack. Which attack would you follow? Why? As a pharmaceutical company we would take the agony attack as these commercials are run with great success because they appeal to a certain section that suffers from nutriments that are non seeable. which hence elicit small understanding from household and friends. Ailments are legitimized by commercials. which they instantly identify with. 7. You are a publicities director working for the Australian or your place authorities. Invent an advertisement run to deter smoke by immature adult females mentioning to the communicating theoretical account shown in Figure 7. 1. p. 260. Compare your program with current runs used by the Australian authorities. province authoritiess or local authoritiess. How is your run superior? Justify your reply with mention to consumer behaviour. We would utilize an emotional advertisement run. with a combination of fright and scratchy advertisement to deter adult females from smoking. Fear is an effectual advertisement entreaty. as it provides a compelling set of grounds for immediate actions to forestall the fatal effects of smoke. In utilizing scratchy advertisement we would utilize a controversial run as this will assist better consciousness of the negative effects of smoke. It would besides associate us to of import societal issues irrespective of the fact that the images may be facing to some people.

A Stage Model for Transitioning to Kam Essays

A Stage Model for Transitioning to Kam Essays A Stage Model for Transitioning to Kam Essay A Stage Model for Transitioning to Kam Essay A stage model for transitioning to KAM Iain A. Davies, University of Bath, UK* Lynette J. Ryals, Cran? eld School of Management, UK Abstract This paper investigates the under-researched area of key account management (KAM) implementation through a systematic review of the literature, syndications with a panel of industry exemplars, and a survey investigating how organisations implement KAM. Through this we identify a stage model that identifies not only how companies currently transition to KAM in practice, but also suggests how they could improve their chances of success in transitioning to KAM. We demonstrate the fundamental elements of a KAM programme and the extent to which companies feel KAM has met their pre-implementation expectations. Keywords Key Account Management, Strategic Account Management, Sales management, Industrial marketing, Implementation INTRODUCTION Key Account Management (KAM) has emerged, over the last 30 years, as one of the most significant trends in business-to-business marketing practice (Abratt and Kelly 2002; Homburg et al. 2002). It focuses on adding value to relationships and creating partnerships with a company’s most important and strategic customers (Ewart 1995; McDonald et al. 2000). The emergence of KAM has been driven in companies of all sizes by an increase in large, powerful, global, centralised purchasing customers becoming the norm across multiple industries; KAM provides our current best model for servicing these customers (McDonald et al. 997). Despite the rapid growth in the use of KAM by companies, research into the process of KAM implementation and how companies transition from traditional sales to KAM orientation has been scarce (Kempeners and Hart 1999; Napolitano *Correspondence details and biographies for the authors are located at the end of the article. JOURNAL OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT, 2009, Vol. 25, No. 9-10, pp. 1027-1048 ISSN0267-257X print /ISSN1472-1376 online  © Westburn Publishers Ltd. doi: 10. 1362/026725709X479354 1028 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 1997; Sengupta et al. 997; Wengler et al. 2006; Zupanic 2008). This is a gap that urgently needs to be filled. Without some agreement about which approaches to KAM implementation work (and which do not work, called for by Zupanic 2008), there is a danger that companies will continue to struggle or even fail to implement KAM appropriately (Homburg et al. 2002; Napolitano 1997). In this paper we use empirical evidence to develop a cross-industry stage model of how companies transition to KAM, including what elements of a KAM programme they implement through this process and the success this has led to. We identify the elements of KAM implementation programmes through an in-depth systematic review of the literature. Using a survey based on this input we investigate 204 companies with explicit, formal KAM programmes and build a model of the key principles important to KAM implementation over time. A syndicate of seven leading companies was also used in isolation of the results of the survey to add context and analytical input. The synergy between the two methods provides a robust and original contribution to both KAM practice and literature. KEY ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT The emergence of relationship marketing in the late 1980s led to a growing interest in getting and keeping customers through relationship management (e. g. Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne 1991; Gronroos 1994, 1997; Sheth and Parvatiyar 1995; Aijo 1996; Gummesson 1997). Relationship marketing was extended and developed during the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in business-to-business markets where formalised programme s of customer management have gained increasing importance including: national account management (Shapiro and Moriarty 1980, 1982, 1984a, 1984b; Stevenson 1980, 981; Tutton 1987; Wotruba 1996; Weilbacker and Weeks 1997; Dishman and Nitze 1998); major account management (Barrett 1986; Colletti and Tubridy 1987); and, more recently, to manage the most strategically important relationships of the business, KAM (Wilson 1993; Pardo, Salle and Spencer 1995; Millman and Wilson 1995, 1996, 1998; McDonald, Millman and Rogers 1997; Abratt and Kelly 2002; Homburg et al. 2002) or even Global Account Management (Yip and Madsen 1996; Millman 1996; Millman and Wilson 1999; Holt 2003). For ease of use we will continue to use the acronym KAM to refer to these related bodies of work. KAM is a systematic process for managing business-to-business relationships that are of strategic importance to a supplier (Millman and Wilson 1995). It first emerged as a response to the pressures placed upon supplier companies by globalisation, increasing customer power, procurement sophistication and the need to find new ways to work with the most important customers (Pardo 1997; Wengler et al. 2006). It involves the adoption of collaborative ways of working with customers rather than traditional transactional and adversarial relationships (McDonald Woodburn 2007). Therefore it represents a fundamental change in the way companies operate their sales and marketing functions, not leading to a tactical shift in operations, but a more broad ranging change management programme (Storbacka et al. 2009). Studies in the early 2000s found a substantial concentration of supplier business into a decreasing number of key accounts, and that the service demands of such key accounts were increasing (Gosman and Kelly 2000, 2002). The ability to extract better service levels and, possibly, lower prices from suppliers meant that the benefits Davies and Ryals A stage model for transitioning to KAM 1029 to the customer of being given preferential treatment are clear and indeed there is evidence that customers may demand or instigate KAM amongst their suppliers for such reasons (Brady 2004; Homburg et al. 2000; Wengler et al. 2006). Therefore close collaborative relationships with suppliers are thought to yield between 10% and 100% more value than less collaborative nes for the customer (Hughes Weiss 2007). The benefits of KAM to the suppliers are less clear-cut, since customers may try to â€Å"bargain away† benefits in the form of lower prices (Kalwani and Narayandas 1995) sometimes resulting in relationships with the largest customers becoming unprofitable for suppliers (e. g. Cooper and Kaplan 1991; Reinartz and Kumar 2002). Napolitano (1997) goes as far as to suggest that the majority KAM programmes a ppear ineffective as a result. This shows that the benefits to suppliers of KAM are not automatic and require careful management. Although evidence exists that long-term relationships with larger customers can pay off for suppliers through higher revenues and faster growth rates (Bolen and Davis 1997), even where power asymmetries are considerable (Narayandas and Rangan 2004), we still lack a clear generalisable view of how companies implement KAM, and the respective levels of success this achieves (Kempeners Hart 1999; Sengupta, Krapfel and Pusateri 1997; Wengler et al. 2006). We therefore explore this in our next section. IMPLEMENTING KEY ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT There is limited research on how KAM is implemented. A few scholars have attempted synthesis of the existing research to form frameworks and surveys for further research on KAM implementation (Homburg, et al. 2002; Wengler et al. 2006; Zupanic 2008) and a similar process has been undertaken for this paper. Table 1 (overleaf) represents a synthesis of the elements that the literature suggest firms implement as part of their formal KAM programmes. Broadly speaking, these elements represent the core components to most KAM implementations, with suppliers doing more or less of certain activities at different stages of the KAM programme’s life cycle. In Zupanic’s (2008) synthesis the elements of KAM are separated into the activities of the individuals within the organisation (Operational KAM) and those at the organisational level (Corporate KAM). Although a neat separation, the activities of the individual in a formal KAM program are likely to be driven from an organisational level decision and as such we have not separated these out in our analysis because we are interested in what the organisation is attempting to implement. Furthermore, we have not differentiated the elements of KAM based on the A-R-A model (Activities – Resources – Actors) as undertaken in the seminal work by Homburg et al. (2002), because we are interested in the elements of KAM that companies are implementing, rather than the artefacts or interested parties which result from implementation. This is a fundamental difference in how we look at KAM in this paper compared to both Homburg et al. (2002) and Zupanic (2008). We are investigating KAM as an ongoing transitioning process rather than the pre-existing, fully implemented programme assumed in these previous works. For instance, of the eight typologies which result from the Homburg, et al. (2002) synthesis and survey, only two types of KAM [1] Top management KAM and 4) Cross-functional dominant KAM] represent effective KAM programmes and there is little explanation of what these KAM programmes are like or how the organisations achieved them. 1030 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 TABLE 1 Elements of KAM implementation in the literature Elements of KAM Implementation Senior manager buy-in Papers Brady 2004; Homburg et al. 002; Montgomery et al. 1998; Napolitano 1997 Napolitano 1997; Workman et al. 2003; Yip and Madsen 1996 McDonald et al. 2000 Description Manger buy in is necessary for success Increased overall knowledge of KAM improves A pioneer often pushes KAM through the organisation Company wide knowledge of KAM A KAM Champion Active involvement of top management in KAM An organisational culture that supports KAM Napolitano 1997; Millman and Manger buy in and active Wilson 1999 ; Workman et al. involvement is necessary for 2003 success Homburg et al. 002; Millman and Wilson 1999; Pardo 1999; Workman et al. 2003 Culture is one of the three biggest influences on KAM implementation in MW and HWJ discuss espirit de corps Espirit de corps Everyone in the organisation understanding KAM Defined key account selection criteria Homburg et al. 2002; Brady 2004; Reisel et al. , 2005; Workman et al. , 2003; Yip and Madsen, 1996 Gosselin and Bauwen 2006; McDonald et al. 2000; Ojasalo 2001; Spencer 1999; Wong 1998 Gosselin and Bauwen 2006; McDonald et al. 2000; Ojasalo, 2001 Customer portfolio matrix Clearly identified key accounts Individual key account plans Identify those accounts that are growth attractive McDonald et al. 2000; Ojasalo, Each account should be 2001; Ryals and Rodgers, planned separately to ensure 2007 appropriate service Evaluation procedure in KAM is lacking Social exchanges such as KAM can provide competitive benefits Strategic relationship can lead to mutual investment Look at the lifetime value of customers Evaluation procedure in KAM is lacking Cont’d A well developed Napolitano 1997 feedback process with key customers Joint activities with key accounts Joint investment with key accounts A business case for KAM Targets for key accounts Koka and Prescott 2002; Workman et al. , 2003 Koka and Prescott 2002; Ojasalo, 2001 Reinartz and Kumar 2000, 2002 Napolitano 1997 Davies and Ryals A stage model for transitioning to KAM 1031 Elements of KAM Implementation Benchmarking against other organisations for KAM Measurement of the performance of the KAM programme Appointed Key Account Managers Fully trained Key Account Managers Papers Napolitano 1997 Description Evaluation procedure in KAM is lacking Evaluation procedure in KAM is lacking Skill sets for KAMs are different to those in sales Montgomery et al. 1998; Napolitano 1997; Ojasalo, 2001 McDonald et al. 1997; Weeks and Stevens 1997 McDonald et al. 1997; Ojasalo Skill sets for KAMs are different to those in sales 2001; Shetcliffe 2004; Weeks and Stevens 1997; Yip and Madsen 1996 Alonzo 1996; Guenzi and Pardo 2007; Arnett et al. 005 Clear move since the mid1990’s towards teams of sales and account managers Account managers are usually rewarded with higher salary and less bonus KAM organisations should be differently structured to Sales organisations formalised arrangements for accounts lead to improved co-ordination Key accounts are better served and therefore the managers need influence over gaining the necessary service levels Key account should get higher service levels Key account should get higher service levels KAM teams Specific motivation and Ryals and Rodgers 2006a; reward schemes for Weilbaker 1999 Key Account Managers Changes in organisational structure to accommodate KAM Coletti and Tubrity 1987; McDonald et al. 1997; Millman and Wilson 1996; Pardo 1999 Established policies Gosselin and Bauwen 2006; and procedures for McDonald et al. 2000; Senn handling key accounts 1999 Key Account Managers having good access to internal resources Ojasalo 2001, 2002; Workman et al. 003; Ryals and Humphries 2007 Differentiated and higher service levels for key accounts IT support for KAM Workman et al. 2003; Ivens and Pardo 2007 Brady 2004; Ojasalo 2001; Workman et al. 2003 The other six typologies [2) Middle management KAM; 3) Operating level KAM; 5) Unstructured KAM; 6) Isolated KAM; 7) Country Club KAM; 8) No KAM] represent either highly inefficient KAM (typologies 2, 3, 5 and 6) or are not a formal KAM programme (Typologies 7 and 8). This may be an artefact of the sampling method because only 9% of the respondents were actually Key Account Managers (Kams), but this still leaves us with little understanding of how companies could implement KAM better, or move from one of these inefficient models to a better performing, more robust model. Wengler et al. (2006) provide us with a detailed exploration of some of the 1032 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 rationales for companies implementing KAM, as well as a limited exploration of what the programmes can look like. Indeed Wengler et al. (2006) indicate this same tendency to view KAM implementation as a long transitioning process when they suggest â€Å"Implementing Key Account Management thus requires a lot of coordination effort and intensity (Moon and Gupta 1997) and often seems to be a long-lasting, laborious process† [p. 108]. They are also able to identify that companies are utilising customer prioritisation processes, changing the role of Kams in the organisation and defining different levels of responsibility for the KAM programme. However their low respondent numbers (only 49 respondent companies had actually implemented KAM) and limited exploration of the different elements of KAM still leave us with few generalisable indicators of how companies transition from sales-led to KAMled organisations. This considerable gap in the previous research is explored in this paper RESEARCH APPROACH AND METHOD To meet our exploratory research objective of understanding how companies transition to KAM we developed a 7-point Likert scale survey applicable across industries based on the literature summarised in Table 1. We specifically targeted companies with existing formal KAM programmes and sought information around three research questions: Why they implemented KAM; to what extent the elements of a KAM programme were implemented; and, how successful their KAM programme had been. The aim was to gain broad insight across multiple industries. For a field of research in its third decade it is surprising that the KAM literature has still produced few generalisable empirical insights. The majority of the extant literature is conceptual (Cheverton 2008; Ojasalo 2001, 2002; Pardo et al. 2006; Piercy and Lane 2006a+b; Ryals and Holt, 2007 etc. ), with the majority of empirical work preferring case studies (Helander and Moller 2008; Natti et al. 2006; Rogers and Ryals 2007; Ryals and Humphries 2007; Spencer 1999) or interviews (McDonald, Millman and Rogers 1997; Pardo 1997; Zupancic 2008), which, although useful for building rich context and new insights, offer little in the way of generalisability. Much of the existing quantitative research, as summarised in Table 2, suffers in terms of generality due to small sample sizes (most too small to use with ANOVA, MANOVA, SEM or LCM packages effectively without data augmentation through bootstrapping), and surprisingly few studies actually investigate key account managers (Kams), preferring to focus on customers or colleagues to gain insights. Both of these could be explained through the difficulty in identifying Kams within organisations because: they rarely have KAM in their title, are few in number compared to their sales or marketing equivalents, and are sometime not well known within their own organisation as distinct from either of these two groups. Problems of this sort affected earlier pilots of this study and to overcome this we targeted Kams specifically through executive education programmes, as did Guenzi et al. (2007, 2009), McDonald et al. 1997), Montgomery et al. (1998), Ryals and Rogers (2007) and Wengler et al. (2006). The survey sample comprised attendees at a series of KAM-specific executive educational programmes, making it a highly purposive sampling method. To gain a large enough sample size the data took 3 years to collect; analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests between the years of collection suggested no significant differences Davies and Ryals A stage model for transitioning to KAM 1033 TABLE 2 Summar y of quantitative studies in KAM Authors Guenzi, Georges Pardo Ivens Pardo Ivens Pardo Ryals Rogers Guenzi, Pardo Georges Gosselin Bauwen Wengler, Ehret Saab Reisel, Chia, Maloles Arnett, Macy Wilcox Homburg, Workman Jr. , Jensen Georges, Laurent; Eggert, Andreas Workman, Homburg Jensen Abratt Kelly Homburg, Workman Jr. , Jensen Montgomery, Yip Villalonga Sengupta Krapfel Sharma Year Survey’s target Sample Size 127 297 297 37 127 115 91** 353 60 385 102 385 190 385 191 176 109 % of Which KAMs 100% 0% 0% 43% 100% 100%* 1 8. % 0% 50% 9%†  0% 9%†  48% 9%†  0%†¡ 100% 0% 2009 KAMs 2008 Purchasers 2007 Purchasers 2007 International companies + customers 2007 KAMs 2006 Account Managers 2006 Sales Engineers 2005 Operations 2005 Selling teams 2002 Head of Sales Organisation 2003 Purchasers 2003 Head of Sales Organisation 2002 KAMs and Customers 2000 Head of Sales Organisation 1998 Senior International Execs. 1997 NAMA members 1997 Purchasers 100% is assumed as the actual figures are unreported, the evidence shown elsewhere however may suggest this assumption is in error ** Only 54% actually had a KAM programme †  49% of the sample were Sales and Marketing VPs indicating a responsibility for KAM, however 171 (45% of the sample) had no formalised KAM Programme according to the results of the Homburg et al. , 2000 paper. †¡ GAM survey with only 136 reported using GAM between collection years. Over the 3 years a total of 286 delegates attended these events and 212 surveys were returned, eight of these indicated they did not yet have a formal KAM programme leaving 204 usable surveys (71. 3% response rate). Surveys were handed out before the commencement of the course to be completed during registration and collected as the course began, to minimise the impact of the course on the responses (Table 3, overleaf, shows descriptive statistics for the respondents). 1034 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 TABLE 3 Descriptive statistics on respondents Number Region of companies UK North America Northern Europe Southern Europe Middle East and North Africa Australasia Industry Service Professional Financial Service Industrial Complex Manufacture Manufacture Unknown Years in Sales/KAM 1-5yrs 6-10yrs 10-15yrs 15-20yrs 20-25yrs 25-30yrs Years of KAM Programme 6 48 48 41 49 18 204 49 63 40 36 12 4 204 77 46 53 28 204 113 22 38 18 9 4 204 DATA TESTING AND ANALYSIS A second method was used to add greater depth and clarity to our definitions and understanding of transitioning to KAM through a year-long syndication with senior representative of seven mixed-industry companies with a strong track record of KAM (although not identified in this research for reasons of commercial sensitivity, some of these companies have previously been used as exemplars in other scholars work, including Yip and Bink 2007; Ryals and McDonald 2008 and Eccles et al. 2009). All were companies with established KAM programmes and they cooperated with the principle aim of identifying a process for implementing KAM that could be transferable across industries. They provided a 5-phase model of implementation running through Scoping KAM (Yr 1), Introducing KAM (Yr 2), Embedding KAM Davies and Ryals A stage model for transitioning to KAM 1035 (Yrs 2-4), Optimising KAM (Yrs 4-6), and Best Practice / Continuous Improvement (Yrs 6 and over). They were adamant that, across all their industries, it takes at least this long to have a properly-established KAM rogramme and that, especially in the later years, re-engineering KAM was always needed. They did however admit that the Scoping KAM period is a theoretical â€Å"ought to happen† stage as, in reality, it happens in parallel with, or even after, implementation. We therefore merge Scoping and Introducing KAM phases and show them as one initial 2 year Introducing KAM phase. These insights were used to segmen t data for analysis purposes and provide structure for demonstrating the process of transitioning to KAM. Analysis was conducted using mean comparison tests to identify differences between groups within the data. ANOVA assumes normality of data, which rarely occurs with Likert scales. Kolmogorow-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk normality tests demonstrated that 18 of the 25 elements of KAM distributions were probably not normal, mostly cause by -/+ kurtosis. However, visual inspection of the Normal QQ diagrams suggest that 20 of the elements appeared evenly distributed and 16 of the items passed the Levene test, again suggesting fairly even distribution. Bearing all these in mind we conducted and compared both Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric and Games-Howell Post-Hoc ANOVAs as they both have reduced distribution assumptions. We found almost unilateral agreement between the two tests so report the more powerful and more easily interpreted Games-Howell Post-Hoc ANOVA. RESULTS The first important result from the data was the lack of significant differences based on industry. We found the only major area of difference amongst the four industry groups was in relation to how successful the respondents thought their companies were at KAM, with the professional and financial services companies rating themselves significantly higher and manufacturers significantly lower than the other groups. This suggests that at least the elements of KAM are similar across industries. The main area of difference however emerged when we segmented the data based on the timescales suggested by our transitioning syndicate, breaking the data into four groups based on the age of their programme (Table 4 shows the Games-Howell results for the elements of the KAM programme and Table 5 shows the success measures). We discovered that, as the syndicate had indicated, there was a general progression of gearing up and implementing, rejuvenating and expanding the KAM programme which provide a statistically significant ifference between groups in the different stages of transitioning to KAM. On the vast majority of scales the companies were implementing elements of KAM at a noticeably increasing rate over the life span of the programme. This indicates that, firstly, the programme takes many years to put in place and, secondly, that there is a progression through the different elements the organisation focuses on in each stage. Figure 1 synthesises what the syndicate said and what the data represent about the transition to KAM. Figure 1 (overleaf) shows KAM to be relatively slow to take off when introduced but then builds up rapidly during the Embedding and Optimising stage before slowing into a process of Continual Improvement. We also see this pattern replicated in Table 4 (overleaf) where the extent to which companies are implementing different elements of KAM is limited all the way up to the end of year two, but then begins to rise rapidly, before slowing after six years. The best example of this is Senior manager 1036 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 FIGURE 1 Transitioning to KAM summary High Revise program to new knowledge Restructure org. and processes Involve top Mgt. Redefine program Become customer centric Rejuvenate program Become more selective Expand knowledge in org. Continuous Improvement Capability Gear up Locate Champion Build the case Appoint KAMs Define KA’s Introducing KAM 1 2 Embedding KAM 3 4 Time (yrs) 5 6†¦ Train specialist KAMs Indiv customer plans . Targets and Measurement Optimising KAM Low buy-in (4th from bottom) where the average extent of buy-in within Introducing KAM companies is relatively low, before a significant (at the

Marcoeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Marcoeconomics - Essay Example In periods of recession, economic activity drops down to almost null - at the end of both the consumers and the business owners; buying, selling, production and employment are at their lowest. The severity of recession is known as depression. When recession eases and the economy takes an opposite direction to take an upturn towards better financial prospects, there emerges the hope of recovery. It can be considered as the transition phase which leads to growth. As the trough advances towards the peak, the era of growth begins; the consumer confidence increases and business activity starts to pick up - since employment is generated, income of the citizens increase and hence increasing demand and hence production levels picking up and so the cycle continues. But, this activity period is coupled with increasing price levels. The boom does not last forever, even healthy economies face worst. Like recovery, this is a transition period where economy starts to move towards the bottom. Consumer purchases lowers, demand weakens and hence business activity starts to fall. There are multiple reasons that lead to changes in the levels of the economic activity - volatility of investment spending, momentum or follow the herd strategy of the consumers, technological innovation, varying inventory levels, fluctuation in government spending, effect of political conditions on business cycles, monetary policy, change in import and export situations, etc (Knoop, 2004)ii. The global financial crisis all started with the panic emerging in the banking system, with need to nationalize the banks. The credit system was affected with consumers and businesses facing difficulty in obtaining credit, housing market was highly affected. Thus, activity dropped hugely; there was fall in profits of many companies, pessimism and loss of confidence, net worth of businesses declined, and businesses precipitating into bankruptcies. This era can be characterized as Recession. (b) What are the key differences between the Classical and the Keynesian point of views Which of these frameworks has the Australian government been favouring in the global financial current crisis of 2008 and 2009 Classical economics believe that market will adjust itself and has its basis on Say's Law - people supply things to the economy and in return receive income to demand things of the value they have supplied. With regards to unemployment it is believed that unemployment is caused by excess supply due to higher wage levels. Classical economists therefore say that when left on its own, equilibrium wage levels will be achieved and economy will be at a full employment. In 1936, John Meynard Keynes, emphasized the role of the government for stabilizing the economic output over the different business cycle. He pointed out that the private sector decisions can lead to the inefficient macroeconomic outcomes, whereas public sector interference via monetary policy and fiscal policy can lead to positive outcomes. Since individuals and institutions, lead to micro level decisions which leads to economy operating below its potential output and growth. Therefore, economy should be stimulated by reducing interest rates, investing in the infrastructure by the government. This helps in economic activity to pick up. Cheaper credit will be available for businesses to fund their capital requirements

Medical mistakes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Medical mistakes - Research Paper Example The Canadians are a society that places much emphasis and importance on issues to do with health, and health needs for those approaching their end of life are not ignored. The ministry concerned ensures the universal access of apposite and quality healthcare to all the citizens regardless of race, age, color, gender, religious beliefs or social class. To ensure that no one is discriminated, the Canadian Hospice and Palliative Care was established and is an organization bringing together researchers, clinicians, doctors and substitute decision makers. It was formed with an objective of reaching out to the Canadians and raising their awareness concerning issues, aspects and importance of engaging in advance care planning, and how to get involved. The Health Care Consent Act was also founded with an intention of educating people about advanced care planning, and informing them of their rights as substitute decision makers and those of their patients. Another body that is in Canada that is concerned with issues to do with advance care planning is the Consent and Capacity board (Robert and Michael, 2013). The Consent and Capacity Board, as Robert and Michael (2013) collectively note was established to give timely, dignified and fair hearings in a bid to get an equilibrium state between medical and legal matters. This work shall discuss the ethical, legal and professional issues that arise in making such decisions (end of life decisions). To begin with, imperative statistics about the health situation in Canada shall be presented, examples of major life decisions shall be discussed and then a case study shall be provided. From this case study; the ethical, professional and legal issues shall be discussed in that order. Thereafter, a conclusion focusing on end of life decisions shall be drawn. A research conducted in 2006 showed that between 2005 and 2036, it was projected that the number of aged people (who in this

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Apparently, there are major pitfalls of entrepreneurship because of entrepreneurs’ insubordinate attitude towards corporate management and their overemphasis on the necessity to be active both at corporate success and failures as to avoid blaming themselves for observed internal weaknesses of the company they are involved in. However, the creative energies of the entrepreneurs provide a lot of benefits to the other shareholders, particularly the consumers and the community. For example, Google is becoming the dominant search engine in the World Wide Web because of few competitors in the field. This situation can be described in economic terms, as oligopoly which is rather disadvantageous to Internet users because of very minimal options to choose from. Entrepreneurs then, being heroic in their standpoint, have the positive and innovative energies to generate other search engines that would vie with Google. The high risk of solvency of a start up business is a reality that no one could challenge. Nevertheless, entrepreneurs have the imagination and the creativeness to turn any challenge to one that is worthy of time and effort. The problem only arises for the entrepreneur when the company achieves high growth and the demand to have people as work partners become inevitable. If that is the case, then entrepreneurs could find new channels where they could pour over their inexhaustible ingenious vigor and consequently aid the development of the local economy. Dan Bricklin’s remarkable story of entrepreneurship is a framework of nature and nurture mishmash. He was born in a family of entrepreneurs and his inventive and daring spirit made the rich possibilities for him to trail a line of technology business venture. As the son of a creative entrepreneur, Dan Bricklin was able to observe the actual running of a business dedicated to printing press. Moreover, his years of academic education endowed him

Contribution Of Emile Durkheim Study Of Society Sociology Essay

Contribution Of Emile Durkheim Study Of Society Sociology Essay Durkheim (1858-1917) who devoted himself to the scientific study of sociology is widely regarded as a pioneer in French sociology. It is known that Emile Durkheim inherits some of Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencers ideas and developed a systematic sociology both in theory and methodology (Moà ±ivas, 2007, p. 18). However, some of his works have been questioned and criticized. In order to examine the contribution of Emile Durkheim to the scientific study of society critically, one should consider Durkheims groundbreaking works including: The Division of Labour (1893), Rules of Sociological Method (1895), and Suicide (1897), all of which reflect a popular topic about individualism and a new social regulation in modern industrial society (Barnes, 1920, p. 4).This essay will first describe Durkheims notion of social facts which run through as a principle concept in his sociology. It will discuss its characteristics as well as importance, and then introduce Durkheims methodological appro ach to study social facts. The essay will move on to explore Durkheims contribution to the social sciences through the use of examples which include his study of The Division of Labour and Suicide. In addition, limitations will be mentioned when examine his works. This essay will argue that in spite of some criticism both in theories and methods. The overall contribution of Durkheim remains one of the peaks in modern sociology. Second, social facts are external from individuals. Durkheim rejects Comtes opinion to unify social science with other scientific disciplines and try to treat it independently. He argues that social facts are different from those assumptions in peoples mind and regular acting such as drinking or sleeping in everyday life. As a result, one could distinguish a kind of conduct and thought out of biology and psychology and classifies it into the particular category of sociology (Allan, 2005, p. 102). Casteel (2009) considered this as an important issue to Durkheim that complete Comtes project and establish sociology as its own academic discipline. Besides, such externality also reflects on continuum and social facts are kind of objectivities that prior to individuals, but individuals are born into them and enact them, thus social facts could be observed and measured by statistics (McCormack, 1996). However, Lukes (1973, p. 11) argues that Durkheims concepts about externality is ambiguous . For example, collective consciousnesses, which defined as a kind of similar and general perspectives and emotions such as religion that could react on people in an indirectly way that without crystallized forms. As is regarded as a social fact, it should be outside and independent from individuals. Nevertheless, Durkheim explained that collective consciousnesses are derived from most individuals in a society as a group mind thus failed to support his notion about externality. Thirdly, social facts have external coercions on individuals. It limits the choices of individuals and if individuals try to go against them, they may likely to get resistance by certain external constraint power such as public laws. Additionally, those coercive powers are not only administered by social organization but also potential moral awareness which called social currents (Harrington, 2005, p.28). However, Durkheim failed to distinguish the power of coercion and prestige. For examples, the power of public law which administered by institutions composed on individuals not only by means of the acceptance of legitimacy, but also fear of sanction. On the other hand, beliefs may probably constraint individuals through prestige or moral obligation (Lukes 1973, p. 13). Moreover, it is argued that Durkheim neglects the reaction from individuals on social facts. Some critics who challenged Durkheims theory believe that individuals could have the capability of creation on social facts (Casteel, 2009). In his book The rules of Sociological Method, Durkheim highlights the importance of study social facts as well as the methods to study them. He accepts Comtes idea that every social phenomenon should be studied as a thing within the context of society. Due to its objectivity, one could use positive approaches to observe, experiment, compare and analysis social phenomenon in favour of finding the sociological laws, demonstrating the normal and pathological as well as speculating the future development of society (Craib, 1997, p.30). In Durkheim methodology of social science, he stresses the importance of looking at society scientifically and discovering the formations (collective consciousnesses etc.) as well as functions (social cohesion, change etc.) of social facts and how they have effects on individuals within the scope of society (Brown, 2008). Emirbayer (1996) point out that Durkheim has rejected metaphysics and uses statistical methodology and comparative strategy (p. 264) to explore the correlations and casual relations among a number of systematic and connected variables by collecting and interpreting evidences. Durkheim has exercised his theory and methodology in two of his major works: The Division of Labor and Suicide. In The Division of Labor, Durkheim argues that there have other approaches to integrate the society beside religion. One of them is the division of labor, which he regarded as a powerful evidence of how social bonds transit from collective consciousness to division of labor (Brown, 2008). Durkheim highlights the functional interdependence of different individuals or units of the society which could be explained by the term of solidarity (Allan, 2005, p. 122). In the division of labor, he illustrates two kinds of solidarity: mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. He compared primitive society and modern society using the organismic approach to explore how individuals maintain solidarity. In primitive society where there is low productivity, individuals are automatically bond together by the collective consciousnesses, an external uniform beliefs imposed on individuals . On the other hand, organic solidarity exists in modern society. Spencer enormously influenced Durkheims Division of Labor. Spencer believes that society was stimulated by the fundamental force of population growth, which changes the way of society to distribute production and wealth (Jones, 205, p. 345). Durkheim developed his evolutionary and organism doctrine. According to Barnes (1920, p. 240), for Durkheim, social evolution is characterized by a decrease in this repressive and mechanical type of social cohesion or solidarity and by a corresponding increase in the development of individual consciousness and personality. That is, with a dense growth of population as the determinant cause of raised intensive division of labor, individuals are more interdependent on diverse contribution of others to perform a cooperatively function instead of the dominance of collective conscience (Sirianni, 1984). Brown (2008) points out that individualism becomes more important than the collecti ve to maintain social solidarity and represents the characteristic of modern society. It is apparently Durkheim provide a sociological platform which benefits to interpret social process. However limitations could probably exist in his theories as well as methodology such as the cause of the division of labor and the interpretation of its effects. Tarde (citied in Lukes, 1973, p. 304) suggests that Durkheims opinion on the division of labor only concern the social internal problem without international relationship. Meanwhile, the division of labor could also result from variety of creation instead of population density. Moreover, Merton (1994, p. 22) argues that in Durkheims presentation of social evolution, he diminished the effectiveness of civil law in primitive society and common interest in the modern society in order to give prominence to main power of cohesion : collective consciousnesses and the division of labour, in mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity respectively. As a result, a precise relationship between solidarity and law may not be obtained. Finally, in the conclusion of his work, he personally regard the society as pathological due to the lack of social regulations that do no match the level of the division of labor and excessive individualism during transition, it is likely to push the society into anomie as well as increase the suicide rate (Mutchnick et al., 2009). In another significant book Suicide Durkheim explained a popular moral phenomenon in the 19th society. Suicide can be defined as every case of death which results directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act, accomplished by the victim himself which he knows must produce this result (Lukes, 1973, p. 202). Durkheim first considered suicide is a private action but also as a matter of a social fact that exists external to each individual in the society. Thus, the statistics of suicide could reflect diverse outside forces through which one could access to the origins of the weakness of the society as well as solution to those problem. Then he theoretically categorizes different but general social causes of individual suicide and draws its effect by deduction approach. There are four forms of suicide respect to two levels of imbalanced social forces: integration and moral rule (Thompson, 1982). Firstly, it is regarded that egoistic suicide is the consequence of excessive individ ualism. In a deteriorated society, individual who integrate less with others and act on their own interest is likely to act egoistic suicide. By contrast, altruistic suicide is result from excessive conformity, Durkheim stats that suicide becomes ones obligation. It often happens in modern societies among civilized people who sacrifice themselves in order to save others such as military (Durkheim, 1979). The other two kinds of suicide are classified into the group of moral regulation. Durkheim again divided the situation that people tends to conduct anomic suicide into four aspects of crisis: decline in the capability of social organizations to instruct peoples lives; rapid social transformation; wealth no longer satisfied people and unbalanced marriage. Finally, Durkheim view fatalistic as the product of rigid but strong moral norm which often committed by slaves (Jones, 1986). It is suggested that if examine Durkheims work critically, one may noticed flaws in his notion of Suicide (Gane, 1988, p. 152). First, one may question whether such phenomenon causes by external force such as society but shared awareness from individuals. However, Durkheim defends it by the term of conscience collective which is also a kind of a social fact and points out the strength of linking morality to discover social laws (Craib, 1997, p. 32). Secondly, Lukes (1973, p. 202-206) argues that his classification of suicide form has limited the causes and types. Moreover, Durkheim concerned the causes of suicide only with social facts and rejected the relationship between suicide and personality in terms of psychology, physic as well as alcoholism. Additionally, the subject of suicide is more like to exist in disordered societies thus lead to an unbalanced research which prone to the theory of pathology. As a result, the contribution of suicide to sociology is actually restricted. However, Thompson (1982) states that regardless the shortages, Durkheim work of suicide is an essential contribution because they effectively combine sociological theory with empiricism to explain social phenomenon. Durkheim suggests that the study of suicide could reveal the connection between social members which closely go with the original subject of social bond in sociology. Moreover, by examining suicide could help one to discover the law of sociology and thus give a direction of the development of society (Lukes, 1973, p. 193). In the research, he related series of common characteristics of the society as social facts to suicide rate statistics and draw a general conclusion that particular social environment and current could lead to a growth of suicide rate. For example, insufficient economy growth and social mode changes generate a remarkable suicide rate in the 19th century of European. Aimed at solving this problem, Durkheim also proposed to strengthen the backbone of econ omy and support individuals with the sense of belonging (Lukes, 1973, p. 220). In conclusion, this essay explored Durkheims main works in sociology. As one of the founder of professional sociology, Durkheim identified social facts thus built the dimension as well as the skeleton of sociology. Based on previous work, he formulates a systematic methodology to discover the social laws by observing and comparing the relationships between different variables. Durkheim further applied his methodology and theory into his work of The Division of Labor and Suicide. He discovered the procedure by which individuals socially integrate into society, and provide different types to explain the relationship between people and society. Although there are certain indistinct interpretation in terms of concepts and correlations, Durkheims work is considered to have significant to the scientific study of society. Word count: 2105

Nature and Popular Culture :: essays research papers

As artwork has become more accepted in popular culture, we begin to see more and more creative artists portray their opinions of what is really going on in today’s society. By the rights granted to us based on the foundation of this country, there is the right to release opinions of how the world is viewed. A major part of this is what goes on in the atmosphere of which we live. The environment plays a vital role in the daily lives of citizens of the world and what happens to our environment in the future will continue to have lasting affects on future generations to come. Through artwork, the advertising industry has been releasing more frequent campaigns of what is going on in the world we live with an aspect of how nature is surviving as people are as well. There is an ongoing relationship that we rely on nature just as nature sometimes would seem to fit into our lives more than we would begin to realize. There are usual two sides to every story and it seems that either on e is of nature or one is against nature. This is evident in some aspects of television, movies, advertising, and music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have found four particular artifacts that exemplify how modern art is of nature. I believe that a portion of this idea is attracting business. In this age of internet commerce and new technology being released more frequently than in the past, there might be a small fear that people will forget about the importance of nature and rely too heavily on technology. Due to this there has been an increase in the amount of advertisements that use themes of nature to market their products and services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a recent advertisement campaign of Nike athletic footwear, there is a portrayal of gazelles sprinting through an empty African field. Through the course of the run the gazelles change into men and women sprinting in a marathon race with Nike shoes on their feet. Nike is trying to sell their running shoes by stating that if you buy their product you will have natural speed like these swift animals.

Kids and Mobile Phones

Kids and Cellphones Cell phone users are growing every minute in every part of the globe and the user is getting younger. The cell phone and service provider advertisements are increasingly being targeted at the children, teens and young adults. European governments have cautioned parents about the health hazards children face with the use of cellphones before they are16. But, countries like Britain, already have half their children using mobile phones and the number of users between ages 4-9 is fast increasing.Cell phone manufacturers are now targeting this age with friendly colourful mobiles with only 4 buttons and of upto 20 phone numbers to be stored. Parental controls and GPS locator are added features. The very reason you are going through this hub is probably because you have to make an important decision, whether your child is ready for a cell phone of her own. Well, let us weigh the pros and cons of giving her one. At what age are kids ready for their own cell phone? At what age do they really ‘need' one? Every child, whatever the age-toddler, tweens, teens, today wants a mobile phone.Tweens and teens see the use of a cell phone as becoming independent and flaunting it as a status symbol, in addition to keeping up with the peers. A toddler or a preschooler just wants to imitate what adults do. But, it is more the parent who seems to want to know what the child is upto and also keep up or one step above their friends. So, how useful is it going to be? Schools have banned the use of mobile phones as it is a constant source of distraction among students, whatever the age. Some teenagers have even cheated on tests using cell phones.Parents arguments that they need to know what their child is upto, does not hold water because the student is not permitted to use it during school hours. So, having one does not serve any purpose. If your school allows the student to bring a cell phone but makes it mandatory that it be put on silent mode during school hou rs, then probably you could know whether your child reached her swimming or music lesson after school. If a regular transport has been arranged for your child, it hardly matters whether he has a cell phone or not.Yes, in times of emergency, such as school leaving early or a basketball session finishing late, it would help you as parent make necessary alternate arrangements for transport. It is this sense of security, safety and convenience, most parents give in to the plea of a mobile phone for their child. A phone with GPS is seen as a must for some parents who want to know their child's whereabouts at any given time. Of course, the child will argue that he would like a mobile phone because his friends have it, he can keep in touch with them and collect missed homework.Some parents see the need to give their little one a mobile phone if she is allergic to something or asthmatic, or going on a school trip. The Cons of Giving Your Child A Mobile Phone The safe, convenient way to cons tantly be in one-button touch communication gives a parent the sense of security concerning the child. But, if the child is under 12, he should be under the supervision of an adult at all times anyway. And in most cases, the child would know how to use a regular phone or the cell phone of the one who is supervising.Researchers have often cited cell phone usage as being hazardous to health, more so in the case of children. The ongoing research suggests that the more one spends time on one's mobile phone, electromagnetic radiation emitted can be the cause of Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, cancers ,etc. The developing tissues of a young child can be affected, but the more recent studies show that there is no connection between radiation from cell phones and brain cancer. Well, the debate is still on, and it is certainly beneficial to limit the use of a mobile phone, whatever the age.Children have been seen to be impulsive if they are allowed the use of a cell phone, according to a recent study. Because of the texting on cell phones, they learn to quickly retort/reply. These children are seen to be faster in IQ tests, but very inaccurate, since messaging between peers makes them quicker-on-the-draw, but without time for ample thought. SMSing friends takes up most of their time and most teens and tweens are losing sleep texting away into the night. Spellings take a back seat as well, since they learn to use shortcuts in messaging away to friends.Increased independence gives children the courage to skip more time from family life. They also learn to be totally dependent on a mobile phone, which comes to light when the said phone is either lost or confiscated. Depending on whether the phone is internet enabled, you will be exposing your child to unwanted MMS , youtube videos, emails from spammers, or simply calls from unwanted tricksters. Which brings us to the subject of MONEY Cell phones can be expensive. Your child may not agree to what you show her- a basic c ell phone to make and receive calls.You will have to talk to her first in order to know what exactly she wants and why she â€Å"needs† it, before you even agree to purchase one. Talking to her friend's moms or the teacher can give you a benchmark. A basic plan for your child's cell phone can be a good thing until you are hit by extra charges for those additional â€Å"awesome† ringtones, textmessaging, internet usage,and of course additional talktime. So, it certainly pays to have a good talk with your child before you settle on buying a mobile phone on the do's and don'ts as well.Some kids get into the habit of losing their cell phones often when they know their parents will replace them without a whimper, simply because the latest model has arrived in the market. Most parents realize that the cell phone is mainly used for SMSing, downloading games, ringtones,and music videos which can be an additional burden on the family budget. So, are you upto it? And of course, as time progresses, they are busy messaging friends or speaking to them, even during family outings. I have seen mothers admonishing their teenagers busy on heir phones in restaurants and in shopping malls and worse, they turn a blind eye and a deaf ear to their surrounding which can be detrimental, particularly if they are driving or about to be accosted by strangers. Many accidents happen and unwanted injuries take place because a teenager ignores warning signals as he is busy talking on the phone. Thieves love to snatch the trendiest of cell phones even as you speak, so beware of flaunting it in public. Cell phone etiquette is important, an should be taught to your child as well.Excusing oneself to take a call, ignoring a prankster and reporting him to the parent or teacher, and never be party to pranks themselves. What is good and what's not is to be dealt with by the concerned parent, before it gets out of hand. Cell phones also put your child at risk for getting in trouble for : sexting – sending or receiving nude pictures prank calls – which can get your child in trouble if someone starts pranking other people from your child's phone LG Optimus Elite Prepaid Android Phone (Virgin Mobile) Amazon Price: $115. 00List Price: $129. 99 Samsung Galaxy S III 4G Android Phone, Blue 16GB (Sprint) Amazon Price: $699. 99 Brand New Sidekick LX 2009 SHARP PV300 GSM Unlocked – T-Mobile (Carbon Black). This phone does not have internet capabilities. Amazon Price: $54. 99 List Price: $149. 99 Samsung Galaxy S III 4G Android Phone, Blue 16GB (Verizon Wireless) Amazon Price: $699. 99 HTC One V Prepaid Android Phone (Virgin Mobile) Amazon Price: Too low to display List Price: $199. 99 Samsung Galaxy S III 4G Android Phone, White 16GB (Verizon Wireless) Amazon Price: $699. 99NEW Version Ultra-thin Quad-band Watch Mobile Phone FM/MP3/MP4 2M Camera Amazon Price: $99. 00 Best Course Of Action Each parent has their own views and the schools their children go to, play a big part in whether to give a cell phone to their child or not. A hand-me-down or a new handset is your decision as well, provided your child agrees. You could categorize it into one or a couple of the following. a necessity a luxury a fad an invasion Making the right choice of cell phone is necessary as well-whether you want a basic version to just make and receive calls or one that needs to be internet enabled and with Mp3.Once the decision is made, make sure you know that it is definitely going to cut into your monthly expenses,whether you have a talk with your child or not. So, is your child ready to take on this responsibility and sticking to a basic plan. Or will you need to pay extra for all the additional downloads and textmessaging. Some points worth considering: Prepaid monthly plans offer the ability to control exactly how much your child can spend in any given month. Some handsets offer unique parental controls to monitor and restrict activity which is a good thing.Some phones also let you limit who can call the phone and who your child can call. Consider giving the phone only when she is in the shopping mall or on a school trip. Discuss the do's and don'ts of important issues such as cyberbullying, pranksters, cell phone ettiquette, the dangers of driving while on the cell phone, adhering to the cell phone rules of the school,etc. If you feel the need, get one that has a GPS locator, so you will know exactly where the child is at any given time. Stress that there is a responsibility attached which needs to be adhered to, strictly.